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Ice and snow appear as bright turquoise. Clouds comprised of small water droplets scatter light equally in both the visible and the SWIR and will appear white. These clouds are usually lower to the ground and warmer.

High and cold clouds are comprised of ice crystals and will appear turquoise. This combination is used to map snow and ice. Snow and ice are very reflective in the visible part of the spectrum Band 3 , and very absorbent in Bands 6 and 7 short-wave infrared, or SWIR. This band combination is good for distinguishing liquid water from frozen water, for example, clouds over snow, ice cloud versus water cloud; or floods from dense vegetation.

Since the only visible light used in these images Band 3 is assigned to red, snow and ice appear bright red. The more ice, the stronger the absorption in the SWIR bands, and the more red the color. Thick ice and snow appear vivid red or red-orange , while small ice crystals in high-level clouds will appear reddish-orange or peach. Vegetation will appear green in this band combination, as vegetation is absorbent in Bands 3 and 7, but reflective in Band 6.

Bare soil and deserts will appear bright cyan in the image since it much more reflective in Band 6 and 7 than Band 3. Liquid water on the ground will appear very dark since it absorbs in the red and the SWIR, but small liquid water drops in clouds scatter light equally in both the visible and the SWIR, and will therefore appear white. Sediments in water appear dark red. The MODIS Surface Reflectance products provide an estimate of the surface spectral reflectance as it would be measured at ground level in the absence of atmospheric scattering or absorption.

In clear atmospheric conditions the Corrected Reflectance product is very similar to the MOD09 product, but they depart from each other in presence of aerosols.

Vegetation will appear green and burned areas will appear reddish. Vegetation is very reflective in the near infrared Band 2 , and absorbent in Band 1. Assigning band 2 to green means even the smallest hint of vegetation will appear bright green in the image. Liquid water on the ground will be very dark since it absorbs in the red and the SWIR and sediments in water appear pink.

In the surface reflectance category you can see these differences in spatial and temporal resolution. A product like MOD09GA is the highest resolution daily product that has all seven wavelengths available in it.

It is the base for many of the other products created from MODIS data, and used frequently for earth analytics projects. However, this product only has bands 1 and 2, as the rest of the MODIS bands are not high enough resolution to be released in this product. For surface reflection, there are also averages that are collected over 8 days, such as MOD09A1. Downloading MODIS data is fairly simple, and very similar to downloading any other type of satellite data, such as Landsat data.

When searching for data, the first thing that you need to do is to define your area of interest AOI. You could type in the x,y vertices of each corner of a boundary, but if you have an Earth Explorer account, you can upload a ZIPPED up shapefile that contains the boundary instead. Be sure to create an account. You will need it to be able to use your shapefile extent to search for data. Learn how to calculate seasonal summary values for MACA 2 climate data using xarray and region mask in open source Python.

Request a subset for any location on earth, provided as GeoTiff and text format, including interactive time-series plots and more. Users specify a site by entering the site's geographic coordinates and the area surrounding that site, from one pixel up to x km. The tool is expected to take up to 60 minutes to complete the processing, and you will receive an email message containing the URL where you can download the subset data and access interactive visualizations.

The tool provides time series plots of the data, an ASCII file of the pixel values for the selected product along with quality information, average and standard deviations for the area selected, and GeoTiff files that can be imported directly into GIS software.